ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ๏ผไธบไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ้่บซๆ้ ็ๅฎ็พๆ ่ก็ฎ็ๅฐ
ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ๏ผๆพๅ ๅ ถๅจ่ก็ๅๅฒ่ไธ่ขซ็ๅฅฝ๏ผๅฆไปๅทฒ็ปๆไธบๅ็พๆดฒ็ไธ้ขๆ็ ๏ผๆฅๆๆ ไธไผฆๆฏ็็็ฉๅคๆ ทๆงใไธฐๅฏ็ๆๅๅๅฃฎไธฝ็ๆฏ่งใๅฏนไบๅฏปๆฑ็ฌ็นๅ้ฉไฝ้ช็ไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ๆฅ่ฏด๏ผๅฅไผฆๆฏไบๆฏ็ปๆ็ฎ็ๅฐใ่ฟไธชๅฝๅฎถ้่ฟไธ็ณปๅๅ้ฉๆไธบไธไธชๅฎๅ จไธๅ ๆปกๆดปๅ็ๆ ๆธธ่ๅฐ๏ผไธบ้็ๅจ็ฉ่ง่ตใ่ง้ธๅๆๅๆข็ดขๆไพไบ็ปไฝณๆบไผใ
ไธไธชๅฎๅ จไธๅๅฅฝ็ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ
่ฟๅนดๆฅ๏ผๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ็ปๅไบๆพ่็ๅ้ฉใ่ฟไธชๆพ็ปๅ ๅฎๅ จ้ฎ้ข่ๅๅฐ่ดจ็็ๅฝๅฎถ๏ผๅฆไปๅทฒ็ปๅๅฑๆไธบไธไธชๅฎๅ จไธๆฌข่ฟๆธธๅฎข็ๅฐๆนใๅฆไป๏ผๅฅไผฆๆฏไบไธ่ฎธๅคๅ ถไป็ญ้จๆ ๆธธ็ฎ็ๅฐไธๆ ทๅฎๅ จ๏ผๅนถไธๆ ๆธธๅบ็ก่ฎพๆฝไธๆญๅๅฑ๏ผไปฅๆปก่ถณๅฝ้ ๆธธๅฎข็้ๆฑใ
ไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ๅฏไปฅๅฎๅฟๅฐๆข็ดขๆณขๅฅๅคง็็นๅ่ก้ใๅกๅก่ตซ็บณ็ๅๅฒ้ญ ๅไปฅๅไบ้ฉฌ้ๅๅฎ็ฌฌๆฏๅฑฑ่็ๅ่ฟ่ช็ถๅฅ่งใ็ญๆ ๅฅฝๅฎข็ๅฝๅฐไบบๅไธฐๅฏๅคๅฝฉ็ๆๅ๏ผ่ฎฉๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ็ๆฏไธๆฌกๆ ่ก้ฝๅๅพ็ฌไธๆ ไบใ
็็ฉๅคๆ ทๆง็ๅคฉๅ
ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบๆฏไธ็ไธ็็ฉๅคๆ ทๆง็ฌฌไบไธฐๅฏ็ๅฝๅฎถ๏ผๅฏนไบ็ญ็ฑ่ช็ถ็ๆ ่ก่ ๆฅ่ฏด๏ผ่ฟ้ๆฏๅคฉๅ ใๅ ถ็ฌ็น็ๅฐ็็ฏๅข๏ผไป็ญๅธฆ้จๆๅฐ้ซๅฑฑ็ๆ็ณป็ป๏ผๅญ่ฒไบไปคไบบๆๅน็ๅ็ง็ฉ็งใ
่ง้ธๅคฉๅ
ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบๆฅๆ่ถ ่ฟ 1900 ็ง้ธ็ฑป๏ผๆฐ้ๅฑ ๅ จ็ไน้ฆใไปฅไธๆฏไธไบ่ง้ธ็ญ็น๏ผ
- ๅฃ็ๅฐๅกๅฑฑ่๏ผ ่ฎธๅค็นๆ้ธ็งๅช่ฝๅจๆญคๅฐๆพๅฐใ
- ไน็ง็็ฉๅฐ็ๅบ๏ผ ่ฒๅฝฉๆๆ็ๅทจๅด้ธใ่้ธๅ้นฆ้น็ๅคฉๅ ใ
- ไบ้ฉฌ้้จๆ๏ผ ็จๆไธ็ฌ็น้ธ็ฑป็ๅฎๅบ๏ผ้ๅธธ้ๅๅๅญฆ่ ๅ็ป้ชไธฐๅฏ็่ง้ธ่ ใ
ไปคไบบๆๅน็้็ๅจ็ฉ
ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ็้็ๅจ็ฉๅคๆ ทๆงๅๆ ทไปคไบบ็่ฟทใๆ ่ก่ ๅฏไปฅ็ๅฐไบ้ฉฌ้็็ฒ่ฒๆตท่ฑใๅฎ็ฌฌๆฏๅฑฑ่็็ผ้็ๅ็จๆ็ๆฃ้กถ็จ็ดใ็ๆๆธธๅ้็ๅจ็ฉๆข้ฉ่ฎฉๆธธๅฎขๆๆบไผๅจ่ช็ถๆ ๆฏๅฐ่ฟ่ท็ฆปๆฅ่งฆ่ฟไบๅจ็ฉใ
ๅคๆ ท็ๆๅๅ่ช็ถ้ฃๅ
ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบไธไป ๆฅๆไธฐๅฏ็่ช็ถ่ตๆบ๏ผไนๆฏไธไธชๅ ๆปกๆดปๅ็ๆๅๅคง็็ใไปๆณขๅฅๅคงๅ้บฆๅพทๆ็็นๅๅๅธๅฐๅกๅก่ตซ็บณๅ่ฑ็ฆๆ็ๆฎๆฐ้ฃๆ ๏ผๆฏไธช็ฎ็ๅฐ้ฝๆ่ชๅทฑ็ๆ ไบๅฏ่ฎฒ่ฟฐใ
- ้ๅไธญๅฝๆธธๅฎข็็พ้ฃไธๆๅก๏ผ ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ้ๆธ้ๅบไธญๅฝๆธธๅฎข้ๆฑ๏ผๅจไธป่ฆๅๅธๆไพๅฝ้ ๆ ๅ็้ ๅบๅ้คๅ ใ
- ่ๅบไธไผ ็ป๏ผ ไฝ้ชๅทดๅ ฐๅบไบ็ๆฌข่ๆๅฃ้ฉฌไธๅไบบ่็ญ็ฌ็น่ๅบๆดปๅจ๏ผๆๅๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ็ๆๅ้ไบงใ
- ๅคๆ ท็้ฃๆฏ๏ผ ไปๅ ๅๆฏๆตท็ๆน่ๆตทๆฐดๅฐๅฎ็ฌฌๆฏๅฑฑ่็้ไผๅฑฑๅณฐ๏ผๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ็้ฃๅ ่ฎฉๆๅฝฑๅธๆขฆๅฏไปฅๆฑใ
ๅฅไผฆๆฏไบๆๅฝฑๆข้ฉไธๅฎถ๏ผไธบไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ้่บซๅฎๅถ
Colombia Photo Expeditions ๆฏไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ๅๆ ่ก็คพๅจๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ่ฟ่กๆ ็ผไฝ้ช็ๆไฝณๅไฝไผไผดใไฝไธบ็ป็ปๆๅฝฑๅ้็ๅจ็ฉๆ ่ก็ไธๅฎถ๏ผๆไปฌ็่งฃไธญๅฝๅฎขๆท็้ๆฑ๏ผๆไพๅฎๅถๅๆๅก๏ผ็กฎไฟๆฏไฝๆ ่ก่ ็ๆ ็จ้ฝไปคไบบ้พๅฟใ
้ๆฉ Colombia Photo Expeditions ็็็ฑ๏ผ
- ้่บซๅฎๅถ่ก็จ๏ผ ๆ นๆฎไธญๅฝๆธธๅฎข็ๅๅฅฝๅฎๅถๆ ่ก๏ผๅ ๆฌ่ง้ธใๆๅๆข็ดขๅ้็ๅจ็ฉๆข้ฉใ
- ไธญๆๅฏผๆธธ๏ผ ๆไพ็ฒพ้ไธญๆ็ไธไธๅฏผๆธธ๏ผ็กฎไฟๆฒ้้กบ็ ๏ผๆๅไฝ้ชใ
- ๆๅๆๆๆง๏ผ ็่งฃไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ็ๆๅ้ๆฑ๏ผไธๆณจไบ่้ใไพฟๆทๅ้พๅฟ็ไฝ้ชใ
- ไธไธญๅฝๆ ่ก็คพๅไฝ๏ผ ไธบไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ฟ่ฅๅๆไพๅๅคๆฏๆ๏ผๅฉๅ ถๆๅๅจๅฅไผฆๆฏไบ่ฟ่ฅๆ ่กๅขใ
Luminous Photo Expeditions: ๅ จ็ๆๅฝฑๆ ่ก็้ฆ้ไผไผด
ๅฏนไบๅธๆๅฐๆ ็จๆฉๅฑๅฐๅฅไผฆๆฏไบไปฅๅค็ไธญๅฝๆ ่ก่ ๅๆ ่ก็คพ๏ผLuminous Photo Expeditions ๆไพๅ จ็่ๅด็ๆๅฝฑๆ ่กๅๅคๆฏๆใไฝไธบๅ จ็ๆๅฝฑๆข้ฉ็้ฆ้ไพๅบๅ๏ผๆไปฌไป่ก็จ่งๅๅฐ่ฝๅฐๆฏๆ๏ผ่ฆ็ๅ จ็ๆๅ ทๆๅฝฑไปทๅผ็็ฎ็ๅฐใ
- ๅ จ็่ฆ็๏ผ ไป้ๆดฒ่ๅๅฐๆชๅจๅณกๆนพ๏ผLuminous Photo Expeditions ็กฎไฟ้กบ็ ็ๅๅคๅฎๆๅไปคไบบ้พๅฟ็ๆๅฝฑๆบไผใ
- ไปฅๆๅฝฑไธบ้็น๏ผ ๆไปฌ็ๆ ่กไธๆณจไบๆๅคงๅๆๅฝฑๆถ้ด๏ผๆไพๆไฝณไฝ็ฝฎๆๆ่ช็ถใๆๅๅ้็ๅจ็ฉใ
- ไธไธๆๅฏผ๏ผ ไธ้กถ็บงๆๅฝฑๅธๅๅฝๅฐไธๅฎถๅไฝ๏ผ่ฎฉๆฏๆฌกๆ ่กๆดๅ ๅ ๅฎใ
่็ณปๆไปฌ: colombiaphotoexpeditions@gmail.com
+ BIODIVERSITY, Blog, Conservation, Mammal Photography, Photo Expedition, PHOTOGRAPHY, Private Tours, Tailored Experiences
Discovering the Elusive Spectacled Bear: Curiosities and Photography Hotspots in Colombia
by KIKE CALVO
The Spectacled Bear, also known as the Andean Bear, is South America’s only native bear species and one of the continent’s most iconic yet elusive mammals. Adorned with distinctive facial markings that often resemble eyeglasses, this bear not only captivates with its appearance but also fascinates with its unique behaviors and habitat preferences. Here, we delve into the intriguing world of the Spectacled Bear and share the best places in Colombia to photograph these majestic creatures.
BOOK THIS TOUR WITH US
Curiosities of the Spectacled Bear
1. Unique Markings: Each Spectacled Bear has a unique set of cream or white markings on its face and neck, which contrast strikingly against its predominantly black or dark brown fur. These markings are so distinct that they are used by researchers to identify individuals in the wild.
2. Arboreal Adaptations: Unlike many other bear species, Spectacled Bears are excellent climbers. They have been known to scale trees with remarkable agility to forage for fruits or escape threats. This arboreal lifestyle is facilitated by their strong, curved claws and powerful limbs.
3. Diet and Foraging: Primarily herbivorous, these bears have a diet that is about 90% vegetarian. Their food intake varies seasonally, consisting mostly of fruits, bromeliads, and cacti, supplemented by small mammals, birds, and insects. During certain times of the year, they may consume vast quantities of a single food source, like the fruit of the mountain palm when it’s in season.
4. Solitary Nature: Spectacled Bears are solitary animals, with males and females only coming together briefly for mating. They are also quite shy and avoid human contact, which, along with their preference for dense cloud forests, makes them particularly challenging to spot in the wild.
5. Conservation Status: Classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, the Spectacled Bear faces threats from habitat loss due to agriculture and human settlement, poaching, and the illegal pet trade. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the survival of this unique species.
Where to Photograph Spectacled Bears in Colombia
Chingaza National Park: Just a few hours from Bogotรก, Chingaza is one of the most accessible places to potentially spot and photograph the Spectacled Bear. The park’s vast paramo ecosystem offers not only a chance to see these bears but also breathtaking landscapes.
Tamรก National Natural Park: Located on the border with Venezuela, this park is less frequented by tourists, offering a more secluded environment for wildlife watching. The dense forests and high Andean forests provide a perfect backdrop for photography.
Cocuy National Park: Though more known for its stunning glacial landscapes, Cocuy also supports a population of Spectacled Bears. The park’s varied ecosystems allow for different photography opportunities, from high-altitude vistas to close encounters in the woodlands.
Sanctuary of Iguaque: This flora and fauna sanctuary offers another habitat critical for the conservation of the Spectacled Bear. Its tranquil cloud forests and high Andean moors are ideal for those looking to capture images of the bear in serene natural settings.
Embark on a remarkable journey into the heart of Colombiaโs wilderness with our Spectacled Bear Photography Tour. This unique adventure is designed specifically for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers eager to capture the elusive Spectacled Bear in its natural habitat.
Our tour takes you to some of Colombia’s most pristine national parks, including Chingaza and Tamรก, where these solitary creatures roam freely. With the expertise of local guides and the added advantage of small group sizes, you’ll enjoy an intimate, up-close experience with these majestic animals, ensuring you get the perfect shot.
Ideal for both seasoned photographers and nature lovers, this tour not only provides ample opportunities to photograph the Spectacled Bear but also engages participants in conservation efforts to protect these vulnerable creatures. By joining our tour, you’re not just pursuing a passion for photography; you’re also contributing to the vital preservation of Colombiaโs natural heritage.
Donโt miss this unique opportunity to witness and photograph one of South America’s most iconic mammals in some of the most stunning landscapes Colombia has to offer. Secure your spot now and prepare for an unforgettable photographic expedition!
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have long been in the public eye, but their recent tour of Colombia marks a continuation of their efforts to champion social causes, even as they navigate life beyond their roles as working royals. Invited by Colombia’s Vice-President, Francia Mรกrquez, the couple embarked on a trip that combined advocacy for internet safety with a deep dive into the countryโs rich cultural heritage.
Despite no longer being working members of the British Royal Family, Harry and Meghan were greeted with the kind of security and ceremony that reflects their continued global influence. This visit, however, was far more than a ceremonial occasionโit was an opportunity to highlight critical issues, particularly their ongoing work to make the internet a safer space for children.
Over the course of two days, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex met with activists, experts, and students to discuss the pressing issue of social mediaโs impact on young people. Their participation in a summit on internet safety allowed them to shed light on the dangers of misinformation, artificial intelligence, and online abuse. Prince Harry voiced his concerns about how false information and online harassment are breaking down social cohesion, stressing that “what happens online within a matter of minutes transfers to the streets.” Meghan, while recognizing the internetโs potential for connection, pointed out how it has also given rise to a culture of cruelty.
But their visit wasn’t solely focused on advocacy. The couple also immersed themselves in Colombiaโs vibrant culture. Vice-President Mรกrquez, the first Black woman to hold her office, had originally invited Meghan to attend the International Day of Afro-Descendent Women. Although Meghan couldnโt attend at the time, this visit served as a meaningful follow-up, where the couple participated in various cultural events, including an indigenous dance performance, a visit to a percussion school, and an Afro-Colombian festival.
A highlight of their visit was when Prince Harry and Meghan were onstage receiving an award from Vice-President Mรกrquez and renowned singer Nidia Gรณngora during a music festival. As a fun fact I had the opportunity to photograph Nidia Gรณngora during one of my photographic projects in Colombia, capturing the essence of her powerful performances and deep connection to Colombian culture in the past.
Their itinerary also included a meeting with Colombiaโs Invictus Games team. The Invictus Games, founded by Prince Harry, is a sporting event for injured or sick service members, highlighting Harry’s commitment to supporting veterans and their recovery.
Interestingly, while the coupleโs visit attracted some attention, the events did not draw the massive crowds often associated with royal tours. This might be due to the private nature of many of the events, which were carefully controlled by the couple and the Colombian government. Their emphasis on privacy and accurate representation was evident as they allowed only their videographers and photographers to capture the events, releasing footage selectively.
For those inspired by Prince Harry and Meghanโs visit, I invite you to explore and venture into Colombia yourself. This beautiful country is rich in culture, history, and natural wonders waiting to be discovered. Let Colombia Photo Expeditions guide you in uncovering the magic of Colombia, whether through immersive cultural experiences, breathtaking landscapes, or vibrant festivals. Join us and see why Colombia leaves a lasting impression on all who visit.
Rock Art and Archaeological Record Reveal Manโs Complex Relationship with Amazonian Animals
by KIKE CALVO
The rock art explored by archaeologists in the Colombian Amazon provides a fascinating glimpse into the complex relationship between the earliest settlers and the animals they encountered. These ochre paintings, located on the rocky outcrop of Cerro Azul in the Serranรญa de la Lindosa, depict a variety of animal species and human-animal transformations, highlighting the rich mythology that guided indigenous Amazonians.
1. Ancient Art and Human Activity: The rock art, though yet to be accurately dated, is associated with human activity that dates back to as far as 10,500 BC. The research team, led by experts from the University of Exeter, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellรญn, and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, combined zooarchaeological analysis of animal remains with the study of artistic depictions.
2. Diverse Diet and Artistic Representation: The analysis of animal remains from nearby excavations revealed a diverse diet, including fish, mammals, and reptiles like turtles, snakes, and crocodiles. Interestingly, the proportions of animal bones did not match their representation in the art, suggesting the paintings were more than just records of dietary habits.
3. Insight into Indigenous Life: Dr. Mark Robinson, Associate Professor of Archaeology at Exeter, emphasized that the art provides insight into how the first settlers understood their world and formed relationships with animals, both as food sources and revered beings with supernatural connections.
4. Significant Rock Art Sites: The documentation of several rock art sites in the region became possible after the 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and FARC. Cerro Azul, near the Guayabero River, features 16 panels of ochre drawings, some accessible only through strenuous climbing.
5. Detailed Study of Six Panels: The research team focused on six panels, cataloging 3,223 images using drone photogrammetry and traditional photography. These images, mostly figurative, depicted at least 22 different animals, including deer, birds, peccary, lizards, turtles, and tapir.
6. Myths and Cosmology: Professor Jose Iriarte from Exeter noted that the differences between what was exploited for food and what was represented in art offer greater nuance to understanding the power of myths in indigenous communities. The images reveal complex cosmological aspects of Amazonian life, including taboos and supernatural negotiations.
Curious Facts About Other Locations in Colombia:
- San Agustรญn Archaeological Park: Home to the largest group of religious monuments and megalithic sculptures in South America.
- Tierradentro: Known for its elaborate underground tombs dating back to the 6th century AD.
- Ciudad Perdida: An ancient city believed to have been founded around 800 AD, predating Machu Picchu by several centuries.
By understanding these ancient depictions, we gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate connections between the early Amazonians and their environment. The study not only sheds light on their subsistence strategies but also on their cultural and spiritual lives, painting a comprehensive picture of the Amazon’s first settlers.
Discover Colombia with Colombia Photo Expeditions. Check our upcoming Expeditions.
Source: University of Exeter. “Rock art and archaeological record reveal manโs complex relationship with Amazonian animals.” Published in the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2024.101613.
Photos University of Exeter.
+ BIODIVERSITY, Blog, Boutique Travel, Ecotourism, National Parks, PHOTOGRAPHY, Private Tours, Tailored Experiences, Wildlife
Discovering Spectacle Bears in Chingaza National Park, Colombia
by KIKE CALVO
Nestled in the heart of Colombia, Chingaza National Park is a hidden gem that offers a unique opportunity to explore one of the country’s most fascinating inhabitants: the spectacled bear. Known for their distinctive facial markings, which resemble eyeglasses, these bears are a captivating species with a rich history and an important role in Colombiaโs biodiversity.
A Glimpse into the World of Spectacled Bears
Spectacled bears, scientifically known as Tremarctos ornatus, are the only bear species native to South America. Their unique markings, varying from bear to bear, make them easily recognizable and add to their charm. These markings are not just for show; they serve as a means of identification among the bears themselves.
Habitat and Distribution
The spectacled bear primarily resides in the Andean forests and mountain ranges, with Colombia being one of its key habitats. Within Colombia, Chingaza National Park stands out as a prime location to observe these elusive creatures. The park’s diverse ecosystems, ranging from dense forests to paramo landscapes, provide an ideal environment for these bears.
Conservation Status
Spectacled bears are classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is threatened by habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. Efforts are underway to protect these magnificent animals, and national parks like Chingaza play a crucial role in their conservation.
Fun Facts About Spectacled Bears
- Omnivorous Diet: Spectacled bears are omnivores with a diet that includes fruits, leaves, insects, and small animals. They are particularly fond of bromeliads and have been known to climb trees to access their favorite foods.
- Tree Climbers: Despite their size, spectacled bears are excellent climbers. They often build platforms in trees, where they rest and eat.
- Solitary Creatures: These bears are generally solitary, except during mating season or when a mother is raising her cubs.
- Important Seed Dispersers: As they forage for food, spectacled bears play a crucial role in seed dispersal, which helps maintain the health of their ecosystem.
Chingaza National Park: A Sanctuary for Spectacled Bears
Chingaza National Park, located just a short drive from Bogotรก, is a haven for spectacled bears. The parkโs high-altitude environments and abundant vegetation make it an ideal home for these bears and a perfect spot for wildlife enthusiasts to observe them in their natural habitat.
Join Us on a Colombia Photo Expedition
For those passionate about wildlife photography and conservation, our Colombia Photo Expeditions offer an unparalleled experience. We invite you to join us on a journey to Chingaza National Park, where you will have the opportunity to capture the beauty of spectacled bears and other unique wildlife. Our expeditions are designed to provide an immersive experience, combining photography, adventure, and education about the regionโs rich biodiversity.
Embark on an unforgettable adventure and witness the splendor of Colombia’s natural heritage. Book your expedition today and become part of the conservation story of the spectacled bear in Chingaza National Park.
Our November Photo Expedition Colombia Hidden Gems will visit this location.
Join our next expedition and make memories that will last a lifetime while contributing to the preservation of Colombia’s incredible wildlife. Visit our website to learn more and reserve your spot on this extraordinary journey!
Note: The videos and photos featured in this post were kindly provided by Uriel Ceballos, with whom I traveled across Colombia, descending from the Putumayo to the Amazon via the Trampolรญn de la Muerte.
+ Archaeology, BIODIVERSITY, Blog, Botany, Ethnobotany, News
Unveiling Ancient Grapes: How Fossil Seeds from Colombia Connect Dinosaurs to Modern Wine
by KIKE CALVO
Unveiling Ancient Grapes: How Fossil Seeds from Colombia Connect Dinosaurs to Modern Wine
In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists from Chicagoโs Field Museum have unearthed ancient grape fossil seeds that bridge a fascinating link between the age of dinosaurs and today’s wine culture. This remarkable find, led by Dr. Fabiany Herrera, assistant curator of paleobotany at The Field Museum, uncovers nine new species of fossil grapes in South America, dating back as far as 60 million years.
Ancient Grapes: A Peek into Prehistoric Flora
The South American study is a testament to the deep-rooted history of grapes. The oldest fossil grape discovered, embedded in a 60-million-year-old rock, hails from Colombia. These ancient seeds, found across Colombia, Panama, and Peru, provide compelling evidence that grapes began spreading globally after the dinosaurs’ extinction.
Rare Fossil Finds and the Earliest Grape Seeds
Itโs rare for soft tissues like fruits to be preserved as fossils, so scientistsโ understanding of ancient fruits often comes from the seeds, which are more likely to fossilize. The earliest known grape seed fossils were found in India and are 66 million years old. The seeds discovered in this study, from Colombiaโs Bogota Formation, Panamaโs Tonosi Formation, Peruโs Mancora Formation, and Panamaโs Cucaracha Formation, are between 19 and 60 million years old.
Dinosaurs, Forests, and the Evolution of Grapes
Dr. Monica Carvalho, assistant curator at the University of Michiganโs Museum of Paleontology and co-author of the study, offered intriguing insights into the prehistoric environment. She explained that large dinosaurs, while moving through ancient forests, likely knocked down trees, creating more open spaces. This ecological disruption paved the way for a different plant growth dynamic, allowing vines like grapes to thrive and climb newly formed tree structures.
After the dinosaurs vanished around 66 million years ago, these open spaces began to fill with denser tree growth in South America. As Dr. Herrera noted, the fossil record reveals a significant increase in plants using vines to climb trees around this period, marking the era when grapes started to flourish.
The Quest for the Oldest Grape
Dr. Herreraโs dedication to discovering the oldest grape fossil in the Western Hemisphere has been a long-term pursuit since his undergraduate days. The pivotal moment came when Dr. Carvalho discovered the first grape fossil, sparking a shared excitement and leading to further discoveries of ancient grape species. One notable species, Lithouva susmanii from Colombiaโs Paleocene epoch, provides the earliest evidence of Vitaceae in the Western Hemisphere.
Grapes’ Complex History in the New World
The study has significantly revised our understanding of the grape familyโs history in the New World tropics. The oldest fossil seed found is closely related to the subfamily Vitoideae, the ancestors of commercial grapes. This discovery highlights the complex history of extinction and dispersal of grapes in the Americas and Caribbean.
Dr. Carvalho emphasized the large gap in the fossil record of grapes after the dinosaurs’ extinction. By 50 million years ago, grapes had spread to North America and Europe, thriving in the warmer climate of the time. However, much less was known about their history in tropical regions, making this study a crucial addition to the fossil record.
Colombia: A Crucial Piece in the Puzzle
Colombia’s rich and diverse ecosystems provide an essential backdrop for this discovery. The country’s ancient rocks and varied climates have preserved these crucial pieces of botanical history, allowing scientists to delve deeper into the prehistoric past and its connection to today’s biodiversity.
Evolutionary Resilience and Modern Implications
Dr. Herrera remarked on the resilience of the grape family, noting that despite significant extinctions in Central and South America, grapes managed to adapt and survive in other regions. He emphasized the importance of these findings in understanding how biodiversity crises unfold, drawing parallels to the current mass extinction events our planet faces.
Conclusion
This fascinating journey from ancient fossils to modern wine underscores the dynamic history of grapes and their global spread post-dinosaurs. The study not only enriches our understanding of prehistoric plant life but also adds a new layer to the narrative of how ancient ecological changes shaped the world we know today. The tiny fossil seeds from millions of years ago provide profound insights into the evolution of forests and the resilience of plant species over time.
Photo ยฉ Herrera, Fabiany & Carvalho, Mรณnica & Stull, Gregory & Jaramillo, Carlos & Manchester, Steven. (2024). Cenozoic seeds of Vitaceae reveal a deep history of extinction and dispersal in the Neotropics. Nature Plants. 1-9. 10.1038/s41477-024-01717-9.
Note: The banner photograph is an educational recreation designed to illustrate the discovery of ancient grape fossils. The image features a detailed depiction of a fossil grape embedded in a 60-million-year-old rock found in Colombia, set against a reconstructed background of the prehistoric ecosystem from that era. This visual representation aims to enhance understanding and appreciation of the significant botanical and paleontological findings described in the article.
Dive into the vibrant heart of Colombia with our curated list of must-watch films that showcase the country’s rich culture, diverse landscapes, and compelling history. From gripping narratives set against the backdrop of Colombia’s lush rainforests to poignant documentaries that explore its musical and literary heritage, these films provide a panoramic view of Colombian life. Whether you’re a cinephile or a casual viewer eager to understand more about this dynamic nation, our guide spans a variety of genres and eras, ensuring there’s something for everyone. Discover the artistic expressions that have shaped Colombia’s identity on the global stage through these cinematic masterpieces.
La Vendedora de Rosas (The Rose Seller) – 1998, Vรญctor Gaviria
- Description: A realistic portrayal of the street children of Medellรญn, focusing on a young girl selling roses to survive, which delves into the harsh realities of urban poverty and addiction.
La Virgen de los Sicarios (Our Lady of the Assassins) – 2000, Barbet Schroeder
- Description: Set in Medellรญn, this film explores the violent world of gangs through the eyes of a writer who returns to his hometown and forms a relationship with a teenage hitman.
Los Colores de la Montaรฑa (The Colors of the Mountain) – 2010, Carlos Cรฉsar Arbelรกez
- Description: A touching narrative about a young boy in rural Colombia who dreams of playing soccer while dealing with the ongoing conflict that affects his community.
El Abrazo de la Serpiente (Embrace of the Serpent) – 2015, Ciro Guerra
- Description: An epic that chronicles the journeys of two scientists working with an Amazonian shaman to find a sacred plant. The film is shot in stunning black and white and explores themes of colonialism and cultural survival.
Maria Full of Grace (Maria Llena Eres de Gracia) – 2004, Joshua Marston
- Description: This film follows a young Colombian woman who becomes a drug mule to make a better life for herself, highlighting the perils of drug trafficking.
Paraiso Travel – 2008, Simon Brand
- Description: The story of Colombian immigrants who risk everything to reach the United States, only to find their promised paradise may not be as they envisioned.
Monos – 2019, Alejandro Landes
- Description: A survivalist saga set in the remote mountains, where a group of armed teens must guard a hostage and a conscripted milk cow.
El Cartel de los Sapos (The Snitch Cartel) – 2011, Carlos Moreno
- Description: Based on a true story, this film delves into the life of a man who rises in the ranks of Colombia’s drug cartel and eventually becomes an informant for the DEA.
La Cara Oculta (The Hidden Face) – 2011, Andrรฉs Baiz
- Description: A psychological thriller involving a love triangle and mysterious disappearances, set against a backdrop of musical ambition.
Satanรกs (Satan) – 2007, Andrรฉs Baiz
- Description: Based on the novel by Mario Mendoza, it explores the intersecting lives of several troubled individuals in Bogotรก, culminating in tragic violence.
Los Caminos del Viento (The Paths of the Wind) – Upcoming, Klych Lรณpez
- Description: This film, yet to be released, is expected to explore themes of memory, loss, and reconciliation within the context of Colombia’s complex social landscape.
El Amor en los Tiempos del Cรณlera (Love in the Time of Cholera) – 2007, Mike Newell
- Description: Adapted from Gabriel Garcรญa Mรกrquez’s novel, it tells a passionate story of unrequited love that spans decades in the Caribbean coast of Colombia.
Del Amor y Otros Demonios (Of Love and Other Demons) – 2009, Hilda Hidalgo
- Description: Another adaptation of Garcรญa Mรกrquez’s work, focusing on a young noblewoman believed to be possessed, exploring themes of love and exorcism.
Cronica de una Muerte Anunciada (Chronicle of a Death Foretold) – 1987, Francesco Rosi
- Description: A dramatic retelling of Garcรญa Mรกrquezโs novel about the murder of Santiago Nasar, which everyone knows is going to happen yet no one intervenes to stop.
Gabo: La Magia de lo Real (Gabo: The Magic of Reality) – 2015, Justin Webster
- Description: A documentary about the life and work of Nobel laureate Gabriel Garcรญa Mรกrquez, highlighting his impact on literature and politics.
La Estrategia del Caracol (The Strategy of the Snail) – 1993, Sergio Cabrera
- Description: A humorous tale of tenants in Bogotรก who outwit their landlord to avoid eviction, showcasing the ingenuity of Colombians.
**Perder es Cuestiรณn de MรฉtodoContinuing the list with brief descriptions:
Perder es Cuestiรณn de Mรฉtodo – 2004, Sergio Cabrera
- Description: A darkly comedic film that investigates a bizarre murder, weaving a narrative of corruption and real estate greed in Bogotรก.
El Rey (The King) – 2004, Josรฉ Antonio Dorado
- Description: A dramatic story based on the life of a Colombian drug lord who was instrumental in establishing the cocaine trade in Colombia in the early 1970s.
Sumas y Restas (Additions and Subtractions) – 2005, Vรญctor Gaviria
- Description: Focuses on a man drawn into the world of drug trafficking, offering a raw look at the impact of narcotics in Colombia.
Sofรญa y el Terco (Sofia and the Stubborn Man) – 2012, Andrรฉs Burgos
- Description: A charming film about an elderly woman who dreams of seeing the sea, and the lengths she goes to achieve her goal despite her stubborn husband.
Los Viajes del Viento (The Wind Journeys) – 2009, Ciro Guerra
- Description: A musician travels across Colombia with his accordion, exploring cultural roots and the transformative power of music.
El Viaje del Acordeรณn (The Accordion’s Voyage) – 2015, Rey Sagbini and Andrew Tucker
- Description: A documentary that traces the cultural significance of the accordion in Vallenato music, exploring its origins and contemporary relevance.
Fiesta Brava – 2013, Fabio Castillo
- Description: A documentary focusing on the tradition of bullfighting in Colombia, examining its cultural implications and controversies.
Magia Salvaje (Wild Magic) – 2015, Mike Slee
- Description: A visually stunning documentary that showcases Colombia’s rich biodiversity, from high Andean peaks to deep Amazonian jungles.
Sonidos Invisibles (Invisible Sounds) – 2017, Ana Marรญa Arango
- Description: A documentary that delves into the diverse sounds of Colombia’s landscapes and cities, portraying how sound defines cultural and natural environments.
Colombia has recently taken a significant step in safeguarding one of the most legendary shipwrecks in maritime history. The San Jose, often dubbed the โholy grailโ of shipwrecks, now enjoys a special protected archaeological area designation. This monumental decision underscores Colombia’s commitment to preserving its underwater heritage and exploring the riches and mysteries this ship holds.
The Treasure Beneath the Waves
The San Jose, a 60-gun Spanish galleon, sank off the coast of Baru Island near Cartagena during the War of Spanish Succession in 1708. The ship met its watery grave in a fierce battle against British warships. It wasn’t until 2015 that the Colombian government discovered the wreck, despite claims by the US-based company, Sea-Search Armada, that they had found it in the 1980s. The treasure aboard is believed to include vast quantities of emeralds, gold, and silver, with an estimated value of a staggering $17 billion.
A Protected Legacy
The Colombian culture ministryโs designation of the San Jose wreck site as a protected archaeological area ensures its long-term preservation. Culture Minister Juan David Correa emphasized that the wreck is treated not as a treasure trove but as a significant cultural and historical artifact. This protection allows for extensive research, conservation, and valuation activities, aimed at uncovering the secrets held within the wreckage while ensuring its preservation for future generations.
Contested Claims and Legal Battles
The discovery of the San Jose has sparked international contention over ownership. Apart from Colombia, Spain, Boliviaโs indigenous communities, and Sea-Search Armada have all laid claim to the ship and its contents. The most notable legal battle involves Sea-Search Armada, which sought $10 billion from the Colombian government through the Permanent Court of Arbitration, citing their prior discovery claims. This legal tug-of-war adds another layer of intrigue to the San Jose’s story, highlighting the complexities of maritime heritage claims.
The Path Forward: Research and Exploration
The Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History (ICANH) has launched an expedition to photograph the San Jose using non-intrusive remote sensors. This method preserves the siteโs integrity while gathering crucial data. Depending on the findings, future expeditions may aim to recover archaeological materials from the wreck. The ultimate goal is to explore the wreck with the objective of understanding history and culture, as Correa noted, rather than merely retrieving treasure.
Challenges and Ambitions
Raising the San Jose wreck itself remains an ambitious and formidable challenge. ICANHโs director, Ilhena Caicedo, acknowledged the difficulties, noting the lack of precedents for such an endeavor. However, the potential historical and cultural insights make this a worthy pursuit. The San Jose is more than a shipwreck; it is a time capsule of the 18th century, offering glimpses into the naval warfare, trade, and colonial dynamics of the era.
Interesting Facts about the San Jose
- Battle of Baru: The San Jose was part of a larger Spanish fleet transporting precious metals from the Americas to Spain when it was intercepted by a British squadron. The ensuing Battle of Baru was a significant naval engagement during the War of Spanish Succession.
- Historical Mystery: For over three centuries, the exact location of the San Jose remained one of the maritime worldโs greatest mysteries, fueling numerous expeditions and treasure hunts.
- Technological Marvel: The San Jose was an engineering marvel of its time, equipped with 60 cannons and designed to withstand long voyages across the Atlantic, carrying immense wealth back to the Spanish crown.
A Fascinating Blend of History and Mystery
The story of the San Jose is a fascinating blend of history, mystery, and treasure. Colombia’s efforts to protect and study this shipwreck highlight the importance of preserving cultural heritage. As research continues, the San Jose promises to offer invaluable insights into the past, enriching our understanding of a pivotal era in global history. The journey to uncover its secrets is just beginning, and each discovery will add a new chapter to the legendary tale of the San Jose.
Note: Please note that this illustration above is a recreation based on historical data and artistic interpretation.
The Amazon River basin in Colombia has revealed an exciting discovery โ a new species of catfish with a unique white “collar” around its neck. This small, elongated fish, known as the Maldonado-Ocampo’s three-barbeled catfish, was found by researchers during a decade-long survey of fish in the region.
Named Pariolius maldonadoi, this catfish reaches just about 1.5 inches in length but stands out due to its well-defined white collar. The discovery, recently published in the journal Zootaxa, underscores the rich biodiversity of Colombia’s waterways.
This finding highlights the importance of ongoing research in the Amazon River basin, where scientists continue to uncover new species. The Maldonado-Ocampo’s catfish is a testament to the diversity of aquatic life in Colombia, emphasizing the need for conservation and further exploration of this remarkable region.
For more details, read the full article in the Miami Herald . Photo A Pariolius maldonadoi, or Maldonado-Ocampoโs three-barbeled catfish. Photo from Faustino-Fuster, Lรณpez-Castaรฑo, Quiรฑones and Meza-Vargas (2024)
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Testimonial – Discovering the Heart of Colombia: A Personalized Cultural Tour Adventure
by KIKE CALVO
“My husband and I recently concluded a 12-day private cultural tour of the Central Andes of Colombia and Cartagena with Colombia Photo Expeditions, prior to our Galapagos expedition. The itinerary perfectly aligned with our expectations; our guide was professional, knowledgeable, and responsive to all our needs and requests. We delighted in observing hummingbirds, engaged in speleology at the Rio Claro Nature Reserve, explored local markets, stayed at a coffee farm (which is my passion), and savored local gourmet cuisine in restored historic colonial homes. Throughout our journey, we felt safe and well-cared for, making this a wonderfully personalized experience.”
– Margaret and George W. Scottsdale, Arizona March 2024
Experience the Spiritual Rejuvenation of El Festival del Perdรณn in Sibundoy, Putumayo
by KIKE CALVO
Nestled in the serene valleys of Sibundoy, Putumayo, the Festival del Perdรณn is not just a cultural event but a profound spiritual gathering that reflects the rich traditions of the indigenous Kamรซntsรก community. This unique festival offers an immersive experience into the heart of Kamรซntsรก spiritual life, weaving together ancient rituals with the vibrant pulse of community life.
The Essence of El Festival del Perdรณn
El Festival del Perdรณn, which translates to “The Forgiveness Festival,” is deeply rooted in the Kamรซntsรก peopleโs philosophy of life. Held annually, this festival is a time for purification, renewal, and reconciliation. It provides a moment for individuals to come together, reconcile differences, and collectively purge negative energies accumulated over the past year. This act of community forgiveness is essential not only for personal well-being but also for maintaining the social harmony and spiritual health of the community.
Indigenous Kamรซntsรก Traditions
The Kamรซntsรก are known for their close connection to the earth and spiritual practices that emphasize balance and harmony. During the Festival del Perdรณn, various rituals are performed that showcase this deep spiritual connection. One of the key ceremonies involves the communal consumption of Yagรฉ (Ayahuasca), a traditional psychedelic brew that is said to cleanse the soul and facilitate profound spiritual insights.
Participants also engage in ritualistic dances and music, wearing traditional garments that are vibrant and richly embroidered, each piece telling a story of their mythology and cosmology. The air is filled with the sounds of flutes and drums, guiding the dancers in their rhythmic movements that are believed to heal and restore.
Interesting Facts about the Festival
- Community Involvement: Every member of the Kamรซntsรก community, from the youngest to the oldest, plays a role in the festival, making it a true community affair.
- Cultural Exchange: While the festival is deeply traditional, it also welcomes outsiders, offering a rare glimpse into the spiritual practices of the Kamรซntsรก.
- Environmental Connection: The festival includes rituals that honor the earth, reflecting the community’s deep environmental connections and their role as custodians of their ancestral lands.
Join Our Trips to Experience El Festival del Perdรณn
For those intrigued by indigenous cultures and spiritual journeys, participating in El Festival del Perdรณn offers an unparalleled opportunity to witness and engage with the rich traditions of the Kamรซntsรก people. Our travel packages to Sibundoy, Putumayo, are designed to provide an respectful and insightful experience into this profound cultural event.
Travelers will be guided by experts familiar with the local traditions and the community. Our trips ensure that guests not only witness but understand the significance of the ceremonies they observe, all while respecting the cultural values and privacy of the hosts. This is an invitation to step beyond the usual tourist paths and engage in a deep, meaningful cultural exchange that could transform your perspective on life and spirituality.
Conclusion
El Festival del Perdรณn in Sibundoy is more than just a festival; it’s a transformative experience that melds ancient wisdom with the vibrancy of community life. It’s an opportunity to learn about forgiveness, reconciliation, and the renewal of bonds in a setting that is as spiritually enriching as it is beautiful. Join one of our trips, and prepare to be transformed by the profound beauty and depth of Kamรซntsรก cultural traditions.
Photo ยฉ Miguel Garzรณn
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Discover Colombia’s Herping Hotspots: A Guide to the Best Places for Reptile and Amphibian Enthusiasts
by KIKE CALVO
Colombia, with its diverse ecosystems ranging from lush rainforests to arid deserts and high-altitude paramos, is a paradise for herpetology enthusiasts. The countryโs incredible biodiversity makes it one of the top destinations for herping โ the activity of searching for amphibians and reptiles in their natural habitats. Here’s a guide to the best regions and places in Colombia where you can indulge in herping and observe some of the most fascinating herpetofauna on the planet.
1. Chocรณ Department
Chocรณ, along Colombia’s Pacific coast, is humid and teeming with life. Here you can find:
- Frogs: Golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis), which is one of the most toxic animals on Earth.
- Unique Fact: The indigenous Emberรก people have used the frogโs poison for centuries to tip their blowgun darts.
2. Amazon Basin
The lush Amazon is a haven for a wide range of species, including:
- Reptiles: Green anaconda (Eunectes murinus), the largest snake by weight, and one of the longest.
- Amphibians: Amazon milk frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix), noted for its striking coloration and the milky secretion it produces when threatened.
- Unique Fact: The Amazon basinโs incredible biodiversity is partly due to the varied microhabitats which support specialized species.
3. Eastern Plains (Llanos)
The Llanos are vast tropical grasslands perfect for spotting:
- Reptiles: The spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus), which gets its name from a bony ridge between its eyes, resembling spectacles.
- Unique Fact: During the rainy season, the Llanos are transformed into a rich wetland, providing breeding grounds for numerous aquatic species.
4. Tayrona National Natural Park
This coastal park offers a chance to see:
- Reptiles: The critically endangered hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nests on its beaches.
- Amphibians: Red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas), famed for its vivid colors and large red eyes.
- Unique Fact: Tayrona is known for its biodiversity both on land and in the adjacent marine areas, which include coral reefs teeming with marine life.
5. Serranรญa de la Macarena
Home to the unique Caรฑo Cristales, this park features:
- Amphibians: La Macarena poison frog (Oophaga lehmanni), an endemic species found only in this region.
- Unique Fact: Caรฑo Cristales is often called the “Liquid Rainbow” due to the vibrant algae that bloom in its waters during the wet season.
Tips for Responsible Herping
- Respect Wildlife: Always observe animals from a safe distance and do not attempt to handle or disturb them.
- Hire Local Guides: Local experts can enhance your experience by leading you to the best spots while ensuring you adhere to ethical herping practices.
- No Flash Photography: Avoid using flash when photographing amphibians, as it can disorient or stress them.
- Stay on Trails: Minimize your impact on natural habitats by sticking to established trails and paths.
Conclusion
Herping in Colombia offers an exciting adventure for wildlife enthusiasts keen to explore the countryโs rich natural heritage. Whether youโre navigating the dense Amazon rainforest, the humid Chocรณ, or the vibrant ecosystems of Tayrona, each experience promises unique encounters with some of the most fascinating herpetological species on Earth. Remember to tread lightly, respect the wildlife, and soak in the incredible biodiversity that Colombia has to offer.